Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive.
a. | above | c. | on | b. | below | d. | all of the
above |
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 Figure
4-1
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2.
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Figure 4-1 shows that the processes involved in the rock cycle include all of
the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | condensation | c. | weathering | b. | erosion | d. | compaction |
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3.
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The rock cycle shown in Figure 4-1 indicates that each type of rock can
____.
a. | provide materials to make other rocks | b. | form other rocks | c. | be changed by forces
at Earth's surface | d. | all of the
above |
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4.
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The ____ in Figure 4-1 shows how one rock changes into another.
a. | rock cycle | c. | formation of crystals | b. | melting
process | d. | none of the
above |
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5.
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Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.
a. | magma | c. | neither a nor b | b. | lava | d. | both a and b |
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6.
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The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called
____.
a. | magma | c. | neither a nor b | b. | lava | d. | both a and b |
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7.
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Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks.
a. | extrusive metamorphic | c. | intrusive metamorphic | b. | extrusive
igneous | d. | intrusive
igneous |
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8.
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All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form
EXCEPT ____.
a. | exposure to air | c. | heat | b. | the presence of hot, watery
fluids | d. | pressure |
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9.
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Quartz is a mineral; granite is ____.
a. | also a mineral | c. | a gem | b. | a rock | d. | an ore |
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10.
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A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are
____.
a. | chemical or organic | c. | foliated or nonfoliated | b. | intrusive or
extrusive | d. | basaltic or
granite |
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11.
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The pressure and heat that produce magma are caused in part by ____.
a. | gravity | c. | radioactive elements | b. | magnetic fields | d. | lava |
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12.
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Metamorphic rocks can undergo all of the following changes EXCEPT ____.
a. | an exchange of atoms between minerals | b. | melting | c. | the formation of
new, bigger minerals | d. | the flattening of mineral
grains |
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13.
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Fine-grained, extrusive rocks include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | granite | c. | basalt | b. | scoria | d. | pumice |
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14.
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A rock is always ____.
a. | made of molten material | b. | a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic
glass, or other materials | c. | formed by heat and pressure | d. | either igneous or
sedimentary |
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15.
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The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce ____ mineral
grains.
a. | tiny | c. | fine-grained | b. | invisible | d. | large |
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16.
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Changes that take place in rocks never create or destroy ____.
a. | rocks | c. | matter | b. | crystals | d. | minerals |
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17.
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____ would be considered a rock.
a. | Quartz | c. | Granite | b. | Mica | d. | all of the
above |
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18.
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Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because ____.
a. | it is denser than surrounding solid rock | b. | it is less dense
than surrounding solid rock | c. | it has the same density as surrounding solid
rock | d. | none of the above |
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19.
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When lava cools at Earth's surface, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. | extrusive | c. | intrusive | b. | metamorphic | d. | coarse-grained |
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20.
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When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. | extrusive | c. | detrital | b. | fine-grained | d. | intrusive |
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21.
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Basaltic igneous rocks are ____.
a. | light-colored | c. | rich in iron and magnesium | b. | lower in density
than granitic rocks | d. | both a
and b |
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22.
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Granitic igneous rocks are all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | light-colored | c. | high in silica content | b. | lower in density
than basaltic rocks | d. | high in
iron content |
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23.
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An igneous rock can form from ____ magma.
a. | basaltic | c. | granitic | b. | andesitic | d. | all of the
above |
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24.
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Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of
light minerals are classified as ____.
a. | nonfoliated | c. | foliated | b. | extrusive | d. | intrusive |
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25.
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Metamorphic rocks with a non-foliated texture show metamorphic change that
involves ____.
a. | mineral grains arranging into layers | b. | growth in the size of the mineral
grains | c. | mineral grains flattening under pressure | d. | mineral grain
melting |
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26.
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Magma that cools below Earth’s surface forms ____ rock.
a. | extrusive metamorphic | c. | intrusive metamorphic | b. | extrusive
igneous | d. | intrusive
igneous |
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27.
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The processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT
____.
a. | condensation | c. | weathering | b. | erosion | d. | compaction |
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28.
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Foliated rocks are distinguished by ____.
a. | large pores | c. | the enlargement of mineral grains | b. | layers | d. | the
shape and size of the sediments |
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29.
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Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks.
a. | extrusive metamorphic | c. | intrusive metamorphic | b. | extrusive
igneous | d. | intrusive
igneous |
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30.
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Metamorphic rocks can be formed from all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | the formation of minerals from solutions | b. | the presence of hot,
watery fluids | c. | temperature | d. | pressure |
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31.
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Quartz is a mineral; granite is ____.
a. | also a mineral | c. | glass | b. | a rock | d. | mica |
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32.
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A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are
____.
a. | chemical or organic | c. | foliated or nonfoliated | b. | intrusive or
extrusive | d. | basaltic or
granitic |
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33.
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Sedimentary rocks are ____.
a. | formed below Earth’s surface as magma | b. | a type of foliated
igneous rock | c. | formed by great heat | d. | formed from already existing rocks that are
weathered and eroded |
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34.
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The changes that take place in the rock cycle ____.
a. | create matter | c. | create and destroy matter | b. | destroy
matter | d. | never create nor
destroy matter |
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35.
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The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____.
a. | provide materials to make other rocks | c. | be changed by natural
processes | b. | form other types of rocks | d. | all of the above |
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36.
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The crystals that form in slowly cooling magma are generally ____.
a. | nonexistent | c. | tiny | b. | invisible | d. | large |
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37.
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A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains
a. | compounds. | b. | materials made by humans. | c. | parts of living
things. | d. | no materials that were once part of living things. |
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38.
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Although brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in Earth’s
crust, they are not classified as minerals because
a. | they are organic. | b. | they are not naturally
occurring. | c. | they are too hard. | d. | they have many
uses. |
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39.
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What is the hardest known mineral?
a. | talc | b. | quartz | c. | diamond | d. | gold |
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40.
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Most minerals do NOT split apart evenly. Instead, they have a characteristic
type of
a. | cleavage. | b. | fracture. | c. | crystal. | d. | luster. |
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41.
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The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is
a. | quartz. | b. | talc. | c. | apatite. | d. | gypsum. |
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42.
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Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms may have a texture that
is
a. | smooth and shiny with no visible grain. | b. | multicolored and
banded. | c. | coarse grained. | d. | made up of jagged
grains. |
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43.
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When all the grains in a rock are large and easy to see, the rock is described
as
a. | extrusive. | b. | fine grained. | c. | coarse
grained. | d. | nonbanded. |
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44.
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Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the
surface is called
a. | sedimentary rock. | b. | metamorphic rock. | c. | igneous
rock. | d. | coarse-grained rock. |
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45.
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Where does most metamorphic rock form?
a. | at the surface | b. | just below the surface | c. | in ocean
waters | d. | deep underground |
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46.
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Igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface is
called
a. | extrusive rock. | b. | intrusive rock. | c. | clastic
rock. | d. | sedimentary rock. |
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47.
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The most abundant intrusive rock in the continental crust is
a. | slate. | b. | granite. | c. | flint. | d. | quartzite. |
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48.
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Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock
into
a. | chemical rock. | b. | gemstones. | c. | metamorphic
rock. | d. | sedimentary rock. |
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49.
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The heat that changes a rock into metamorphic rock comes from
a. | the heat of the mantle. | b. | the sun. | c. | movements in the
crust. | d. | chemical rocks in the crust. |
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50.
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Geologists classify metamorphic rock according to
a. | the exterior color of the rock. | b. | the overall shape of the
rock. | c. | the arrangement of the grains that make up the rock. | d. | the degree of
hardness of the rock. |
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51.
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The texture of a metamorphic rock that has grains arranged in parallel layers is
described as
a. | foliated. | b. | jagged grained. | c. | coarse
grained. | d. | nonfoliated. |
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52.
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Metamorphic rocks that are nonfoliated
a. | split into layers. | b. | do not split into layers. | c. | have mineral grains
lined up in parallel layers. | d. | usually have a rougher
texture. |
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53.
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What are the two most useful metamorphic rocks?
a. | sandstone and quartzite | b. | marble and slate | c. | limestone and
breccia | d. | granite and shale |
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54.
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A series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that
slowly changes rocks from one kind to another is called
a. | erosion. | b. | crystallization. | c. | the rock
cycle. | d. | evaporation. |
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55.
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What step in the rock cycle would be required to change granite into
sandstone?
a. | Granite particles settle on the ocean floor. | b. | Lava flows melt the
granite sediment. | c. | Pieces of the granite melt when they return to
the mantle by subduction. | d. | Magma hardens into granite
sediment. |
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Matching
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Match each statement with the correct item below. a. | compaction | e. | weathering | b. | cementation | f. | marble | c. | limestone | g. | erosion | d. | coal | h. | slate |
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56.
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The process in which rock is exposed to air, water, or ice and breaks into
pieces.
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57.
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the movement of weathered material
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58.
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a kind of foliated metamorphic rock
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59.
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a kind of nonfoliated metamorphic rock
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Match the terms with their descriptions below. a. | granitic | i. | sediments | b. | metamorphic rocks | j. | igneous rocks | c. | rock
cycle | k. | compaction | d. | sedimentary rocks | l. | intrusive | e. | cementation | m. | foliated | f. | basaltic | n. | lava | g. | rock | o. | nonfoliated | h. | extrusive |
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60.
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rocks formed by changes in heat and pressure or the presence of hot, watery
fluids
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61.
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rocks formed from molten material
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62.
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rocks formed from sediments
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63.
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igneous rocks formed on or near Earth’s surface
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64.
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layered metamorphic rocks
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65.
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process by which sediments are pressed together to form rock
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66.
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light-colored igneous rocks with a lower density than basaltic rocks
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67.
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dense, dark-colored igneous rocks
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68.
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metamorphic rocks that don’t have layers
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69.
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process by which large sediments are glued together by dissolved minerals to
form rock
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70.
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igneous rocks formed below Earth’s surface
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71.
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bits of weathered rock, minerals, grains, plants, and animals that have been
eroded
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72.
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model that illustrates the processes that create and change rocks
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73.
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magma that reaches Earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes
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74.
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a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other
materials
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