Meteorology What a gas?!
1.
meteorology-the
study of the atmosphere
2.
weather is
the condition of the air around the Earth
6.
The
atmosphere is made up of 4 layers:
a.
troposphere-the
lowest layer and where our weather takes place.
Air temperature drops as you get higher. Contains 75% of the atmospheric
gases and 99% of the water vapor. Is 10
km or 6 miles thick.
b.
Stratosphere-contains
the ozone layer. Air temperature starts
rising as you go higher because the ozone absorbs some solar radiation. 40 km or 25 miles thick.
c.
Mesosphere-is
where you might see meteors streaking through the sky. 30 km or about 20 miles thick.
d.
Thermosphere-Near
the top of our atmosphere. Spacecraft
and satellites can travel here. Contains
the ionosphere which reflects radio waves back down to earth, also contains the
Exosphere which is the edge of space, contains almost no air and is slowly
losing some.
7. air is matter, it has mass and takes up
space.
8. mass is weight
9. cold
air has less energy so molecules are
closer together, makes the air denser or thicker, so has more mass
10. warm air has more
energy so molecules are moving around more, is less dense, so has less mass
11. air
pressure is caused by the mass of the air
12. the
sun is the source of all energy for the Earth.
13. Solar radiation is the
energy released by the sun.
14. energy from the Sun does 3 things, some is
reflected back into space, some is absorbed by the atmosphere, but almost half
is absorbed by land and water on the Earth’s surface.
15. 3 ways that the sun’s energy gets to Earth
and how it is distributed: radiation, conduction, & convection.
http://classzone.com/books/ml_science_comp/page_build.cfm?id=resour_ch1&mod=9##
this website has great demos of radiation, convection…
16. radiation is energy
that travels as waves, can be absorbed or reflected.
17. Infrared rays-this is
what the solar radiation changes into when it is absorbed by objects or
surfaces on Earth. It warms those
objects.
18. conduction- heat is transferred by direct
contact. Air brushes against heated
objects and gets warm.
19. convection
is the transfer of energy from place to place by the motion of gas or liquid.
20. As the atmosphere
brushes across the surface of the Earth, it gets warmed up. This heat energy gradually rises through the
atmosphere and is radiated back into space.
21. air pressure-the
force of air molecules pushing on an area.
22. barometer-an
instrument that measures air pressure.
23. heating and cooling
of the air causes changes in air pressure.
24. wind
is moving air. The Sun causes the wind. Differences in air pressure cause wind.
25. global winds travel
thousands of miles and last for weeks; caused by uneven heating between the equator and the north and south
poles.
26. coriolis
effect-global winds curve as the Earth turns beneath them
27. Cold air is heavier and produces a High
pressure area
28. warm
air is lighter and produces a Low pressure area
29. humidity-the amount
of water vapor in the air.
30. relative
humidity-the amount of moisture in the air compared to how much it can contain
at a particular temperature.
31. hygrometer-instrument used to measure
relative humidity.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/seeall/
humidity
http://www.brainpop.com/science/seeall/
water cycle
http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/earth/hydrocycle/hydro1.html
32. air mass-large body of
air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout.
33. front-where one air
mass meets and pushes aside another air mass.
34. cold front-cold air
pushes in under warm air, pushing it away, produces heavy rains and colder
weather.
35. warm front-meets and
overrides a cold air mass slowly warming the cold air, bring drizzly
precipitation then warm weather.
37. evaporation-water
changing into a gas called water vapor.
38. transpiration-plants losing water vapor to
the air through leaves (plant sweatJ )
39. condensation-water vapor cooling down enough
to change into tiny droplets of water.
40. clouds are caused by
condensation.
41. precipitation-liquid and solid forms of water
falling from the sky to the ground.
42. runoff-water from precipitation making its
way back into the ocean.
43. forming
precipitation-water droplets about the size of a period in a sentence start
growing, must get about 100 times larger to fall.
44. dew
point-the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor and
condensation begins.
45. condensation
occurs at the dew point.
46. amount
of water vapor in air affects dew point.
47. water
must condense on something solid. Dew
forms on grass.
48. clouds form when water
vapor condenses on dust, smoke or even salt particles from the ocean.
49. cloud
shapes and sizes are affected by air movement and their composition is affected
by location (altitude).
50. three
main types of clouds-cirrus, cumulus, and stratus.
51. cirrus clouds form in
very cold air at high altitudes, wispy looking, made of ice crystal, usually mean fair weather.
http://www.weatherpictures.nl/cirrus.html
52. cumulus
clouds are puffy white clouds with darker bases. Form in daytime because of rising warm air,
can keep growing until become thunderheads and cause rain.
http://www.weatherpictures.nl/convection.html
53. stratus
clouds form in layers in relative calm air.
Can be very dark and block out sun, can produce steady light
precipitation.
http://www.weatherpictures.nl/stratus.html
54. fog
is a stratus cloud that forms on the ground or over water.
55. nimbo or nimbus in a cloud names mean they produce
rain
56. thunderhead
is a cumulonimbus cloud.
http://classzone.com/books/ml_science_comp/page_build.cfm?id=resour_ch2&mod=9#item
57. Global wind patterns-
there are three major wind bands, the trade winds, the westerlies,
& the easterlies. They are separated by two major pressure zones, the
doldrums and the horse latitudes.
58. doldrums-low pressure zone of rising warm air
at the equator, little or no wind.
“Garden Spot” for storms!
59. horse latitudes-high pressure zones of
sinking cold air at 30 degrees N and S of the equator.
60. The trade winds-blow from the east, from the
Horse latitudes towards the equator, they die out close to the equator.
61. the westerlies- blow from the west, moving from the horse
latitudes toward the poles. They move storms across the
62. The Easterlies-blow from the east. Move from the polar regions
toward the mid-latitudes where their cold air can cause stormy weather.
Hot Start:
On your world map, label
the horse latitudes, the doldrums, and the westerlies,
easterlies, & trade winds.
http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdfs/kottek_et_al_2006_A1.pdf this shows the world’s climates. Review the winds and then show the
climates. Get students to explain what
might be influencing each major climate.
63. air mass-large body of
air that has similar temperature and moisture throughout; is affected by the
area it is formed over.
64. 4 major air mass types-
m-maritime forms over water,
lots of humidity
c- continental forms over land
and is dry
P- polar forms over the polar
regions and is COLD
T- tropical forms over the
Tropics and is warm
65. air masses are
identified with 2 letter symbols. First
letter describes the moisture level and the second describes the temperature.
66. Draw these 8 air
masses onto your map of
67. front- the boundary
between two air masses.
68. cold front-cold air
pushes in under warm air, pushing it away, produces heavy rains and colder
weather.
69. warm front-meets and
overrides a cold air mass slowly warming the cold air, bring drizzly
precipitation then warm weather.
Demo evaporation to
students using alcohol swabbed on hand.
Demo condensation using
metal bowl, salted ice water and the camera on overhead
Water cycle whiteboard
Draw a picture and label
it showing the water cycle.
Rain Whiteboard activity
·
The teacher must
design sets of eight index cards with a letter and a statement describing a
step in rain formation on each card. Write or type each of the following
statements and its corresponding letter on separate index cards.
·
Activity alert: Have each student make their own set of
cards, can decorate, must be able to explain the steps
A - Tiny cloud droplets collect together to form
raindrops large enough to fall.
B - The Sun's rays warm the Earth.
C - Cool air is warmed and becomes less dense.
D - Air is cooled to its dew point temperature and the water vapor in
the air begins to condense.
E - The Earth radiates heat which warms the
air.
F - Air rising in the atmosphere expands causing lower air pressure.
G - Air that expands decreases in temperature
H - Air, which is less dense, rises.
One set of cards per student.
·
Cards can be
laminated or covered to be reused.
next discuss the different winds and lesson 2.3 in McD Lit book. Pg. 56.
http://www.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/atmos/heat.htm
When water evaporates,
what does it take? When does water
condense? I mean, what is the weather
like compared to when the water probably evaporated?
HOT START! Whiteboard
Wed:
Now, will a puddle of
water evaporate more quickly from a blacktop parking lot or from a light
colored mud puddle? Why do you think
your answer is correct?
A given quantity of water
vapor is less dense than the same quantity of air. Briefly tell about H2O and O2 and N2.
Humidity- at 25 C, air can
hold 22g of water per cubic meter. As
temp of air increases, the amount of water vapor it can hold increases. This is due to the fact that the warmer air
has more energy which keeps the particles of water vapor moving fast enough
that they cannot condense into large enough droplets to fall as precipitation.
Use flask of water and
foil slivers to represent water vapor in the air. Cool water supports few slivers,
warmer water supports more slivers because it has more energy.
Show how large cubic meter
is and how much 22g of water is.
http://classroom.jc-schools.net/sci-units/atmosphere.htm
Activity: Look at sunspots with telescope.
Whiteboard: What causes the seasons?
Whiteboard: Explain the parts of the water cycle.
Whiteboard: How does the air get heated?
Whiteboard: Explain how the wind works.
Whiteboard: What is fog and what caused it this morning?
Projects: Students will choose a weather instrument to
make.
Activity: Learn to use the sun globes.
Activity: Collect weather data and sunrise/set on
graphs.
Computer activity: Students will read about the Water Cycle and
complete a set of questions.
Quiz Show: Review of weather questions.
Whiteboard: Draw and label the layers of the atmosphere.
Whiteboard: Draw or describe land breezes and sea
breezes.
Wind whiteboard activity:
put these phrases in the correct order.
A - Air which is less
dense, and causes lower pressure than the surrounding air, will rise.
B - The sun's rays warm the Earth.
C - Cold air is warmed and becomes less dense.
D - Cool air, which is more dense, sinks and causes an
increase in air pressure.
E - The earth radiates heat and warms the surrounding air.
F - As air rises it expands and cools.
Whiteboard activity-draw a
diagram showing how the atmosphere gets warm; use radiation, convection,
conduction in diagram.