Rock Cycle Notes
1.
minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a
definite chemical composition and a crystal structure.
2.
rocks are made of minerals.
4.
rock cycle-process where rocks slowly change from one form
to another through time. Any type
of rock can change into any other type of rock.
5.
weather-means to wear down, erosion is the carrying away, and
deposition is dropping it as sediment
6.
3 types of
rocks are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
7.
any type of rock can be changed into any other type of rock or
even into another rock of the same type.
8.
James Hutton,
a Scottish scientist, in 1788, came up with the idea of the rock cycle.
9.
sedimentary rock is made up of fragments of other rocks that have been
broken down by weathering.
10. metamorphic rock is made from rocks that have been heated and squeezed
by the tremendous pressure inside the Earth.
changes into
this 
11.
igneous rock is formed when any type of rock gets melted by the
incredible heat inside the Earth.
Igneous Rocks:
12. igneous rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and hardens.
13. magma that reaches the EarthÕs surface is called lava
14.
intrusive-igneous rocks that form from magma below the surface of the
Earth. They form ÒINÓ the
Earth-Intrusive.
15.
intrusive rocks have larger grains because the magma cools very
slowly. The slower the cooling, the
larger the grains
16. grains and
crystals are the same thing
17. extrusive-extrusive rocks are formed from lava cooling on the surface of
the Earth. Extrusive rocks cool
quickly causing small grains. The
faster the cooling process, the smaller the grains.
18.
volcanic glass, such as pumice, obsidian, and scoria cooled so fast
that they donÕt have grains or crystals.
20.
basalt and granite are igneous rocks
Metamorphic Rocks:
21.
metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed by heat and
pressure.
22.
metamorphic rocks can be formed from igneous, sedimentary, or other
metamorphic rocks.
23.
high temperatures inside the Earth cause the rocks to
soften without actually melting.
24. foliated rocks have their grains (crystals) arranged in layers. (think ÒfoldedÓ
like towels)
25.
slate and gneiss are foliated metamorphic rocks
26.
nonfoliated rocks do not have layers. Quartzite and marble are nonfoliated metamorphic rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks:
27. sediments are loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral
grains, and bits of shell that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
28. sedimentary rocks
are formed when sediments are pressed and cemented together or when crystals form
from solutions.
29. compaction and
cementation-on your rock cycle
drawings, this is what forms the sediment into sedimentary rocks. The tiny particles are pressed together
and then cemented by minerals.
30. sedimentary rocks
often form as layers. The oldest layers
are on the bottom and the newest layers are on the top
31.
fossils are ONLY found in sedimentary rocks
32. weathering and erosion cause the
formation of sedimentary rocks.
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by wind,
water, and gravity.
33.
erosion is the carrying away of these small pieces of
rock.
34.
clastic sedimentary rocks are cemented together
35.
sandstone and shale are sedimentary rocks
36. chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when dissolved chemicals
in solutions, such as salt in seawater, form rocks such as halite and gypsum.
37.
organic sedimentary rocks are made of the remains of once-living things,
usually shell fish such as clams, corals, and snails. Limestone is an example of organic
sedimentary rock.
38.
coal is an
organic sedimentary rock formed from
the remains of dead plants that have been chemically changed and cemented
together.
